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Презентация на тему: The noun


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Презентация на тему: The noun


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№ слайда 1 The noun a word expressing substance in the widest sense of the word
Описание слайда:

The noun a word expressing substance in the widest sense of the word

№ слайда 2 Nouns Proper Common(London, John, Monday, May) Class Nouns of Collective Abstrac
Описание слайда:

Nouns Proper Common(London, John, Monday, May) Class Nouns of Collective Abstract (dog, table) material (family) (idea) (snow, iron)

№ слайда 3 Genders of nounsMasculine Feminine Neutral he she it(men, boys, (women, girls, (
Описание слайда:

Genders of nounsMasculine Feminine Neutral he she it(men, boys, (women, girls, (things, babies,animals when animals when animals whenwe know their we know their we don’t knowsex) sex, countries, their sex) ships, vehicles when regarded with affection)

№ слайда 4 Most nouns describing people have the same form whether they are male or female
Описание слайда:

Most nouns describing people have the same form whether they are male or female (teacher, student). Some nouns have different forms: actor – actress groom – bride waiter – waitress host – hostess widower – widow steward – stewardess prince – princess hero – heroine duke – duchess king – queen monk – nun heir - heiress

№ слайда 5 Noun-forming suffixes:-er, -or, -ar, -est, -ness, -ism, -ess, -(a)ion, -tion, -s
Описание слайда:

Noun-forming suffixes:-er, -or, -ar, -est, -ness, -ism, -ess, -(a)ion, -tion, -sion, -hood, -dom, -ship, -ment, -ance, -ence, -ty, -ity, -ure,-age, -y, -ee, -ian, -al, -sis, -cy The most common prefixes:re-, co-, dis-, mis-, over-, under-, sub-, inter-Compound nouns:one word (classroom), two words (CD player), hyphen (game-tester)

№ слайда 6 Nouns Countable Uncountabledenote things that denote things wecan be counted can
Описание слайда:

Nouns Countable Uncountabledenote things that denote things wecan be counted can’t countcan take singular and always take singular plural verbs; verbs;go with –a,-an,-my/his/ don’t go with –a,-an,her/your/its/our/their, one/two…, these/ -this/these/that/those those

№ слайда 7 We use –a, -an, one/two… with such uncountables as tea, coffee, etc. when we ord
Описание слайда:

We use –a, -an, one/two… with such uncountables as tea, coffee, etc. when we order smth. in a restaurant, etc.

№ слайда 8 Some problems with uncountables Some nouns are uncountable in English but counta
Описание слайда:

Some problems with uncountables Some nouns are uncountable in English but countable in Russian: advice (совет), news (новости), money (деньги), information (сведения), progress (успех), travel (путешествие), trouble (проблема), hair (волосы), success (успех), toast (гренки), applause (аплодисменты), knowledge (знания), evidence (признак, свидетельство),spaghetti (спагетти), failure (неудача), fruit (фрукты), etc.

№ слайда 9 Some problems with uncountables Some nouns can be used as countable or uncountab
Описание слайда:

Some problems with uncountables Some nouns can be used as countable or uncountable with a difference in meaning: a glass(стакан), glasses(очки), a paper(газета), papers(документы), a hair(волосина), an iron(утюг), a wood(лес), times(разы), experiences(события), works(произведения), a chicken ( the animal), a toast (тост), a help (помощник), a gossip (сплетник), cheeses/fruits and other words denoting different sorts of a given material or food, etc.

№ слайда 10 Some problems with uncountables Many uncountable nouns can be made countable by
Описание слайда:

Some problems with uncountables Many uncountable nouns can be made countable by adding a partitive: a piece of, a bottle of, a sheet of, a box of, a slice of, a loaf of, a bit of, a kilo of, a tube of, a plate of, etc. Always look it up in the dictionary!

№ слайда 11 Nouns are made plural by adding: -s to the noun-es to nouns ending in –s, -ss, -
Описание слайда:

Nouns are made plural by adding: -s to the noun-es to nouns ending in –s, -ss, -x, -ch, -sh, -z-ies to nouns ending in consonant + y-es to nouns ending in consonant + o ( But –s if they are abbreviations (photos, kilos, autos, etc.), musical instruments (pianos), proper nouns (Eskimos). Some nouns ending in –o can take either –s or –es ( buffalo, mosquito, volcano, tornado, zero, etc.-ves to some nouns ending in –f/-fe (calves, halves, knives, leaves, selves, thieves, wolves, wives, etc.) But: beliefs, chiefs, cliffs, handkerchiefs, scarfs/scarves, hoofs/hooves, roofs, safes)Greek or Latin suffixes ( basis- bases, crisis- crises, terminus- termini, criterion- criteria, phenomenon- phenomena, stimulus- stimuli, datum- data, medium- media, formula- formulae, index- indices, antenna- antennae, etc.)

№ слайда 12 Compound nouns usually form their plural by adding –s/-es to the second noun. Bu
Описание слайда:

Compound nouns usually form their plural by adding –s/-es to the second noun. But to the first noun if it is followed by a preposition ( mothers-in-law, passers-by). At the end of the compound if it doesn’t include any nouns (letdowns).Irregular plurals: man- men (but: Walkmans), woman- women, foot- feet, tooth- teeth, mouse- mice, louse- lice, child- children, goose- geese, sheep- sheep, deer- deer, fish- fish, trout- trout, cod- cod, salmon- salmon, ox- oxen, spacecraft- spacecraft, aircraft- aircraft, hovercraft- hovercraft, means- means, species- species, swine- swine, dozen- dozen ( but: in dozens), score- score (but: scores of people), series – series, rendezvous- rendezvous.

№ слайда 13 Some problems with verb forms We use singular verb forms with: nouns which refer
Описание слайда:

Some problems with verb forms We use singular verb forms with: nouns which refer to school subjects (maths, politics), sports (athletics), games (billiards, dominoes, darts, draughts), illnesses (measles, mumps); when we talk about an amount of money, a time period, weight, distance, etc. ( Five thousand pounds was donated to build a new hospital wing. Two weeks isn’t long to wait. Ten miles is a long way to ride.); with group nouns when we mean the group as a unit ( jury, family, team, group, crew, crowd, class, audience, committee, council, army, club, press, government, company, staff, etc.)

№ слайда 14 Some problems with verb forms We use plural verb forms with: nouns which refer t
Описание слайда:

Some problems with verb forms We use plural verb forms with: nouns which refer to objects that consist of two parts ( trousers, binoculars, shorts, pyjamas, tights, glasses, earrings, scissors, compasses, scales, tongs, jeans, spectacles, etc.); nouns such as: clothes, police, stairs, looks, surroundings, outskirts, premises, earnings, wages, cattle, poultry, congratulations, thanks, riches, goods, contents, oats, potatoes, carrots, onions ( but: a potato/a carrot/ an onion); group nouns when we mean the individuals. These nouns are plural in Russian but both singular and plural in English: watch- watches, clock- clocks, gate- gates, sledge- sledges, vacation- vacations ( Our summer vacation lasts 2 months. We have 2 vacations a year.)

№ слайда 15 The category of case We show possession in English with the genitive form of a n
Описание слайда:

The category of case We show possession in English with the genitive form of a noun. This means we normally use ‘s (апостроф + s) or ’ (апостроф без s) for people and some living creatures. ( Frank’s car; a boy’s cat; Doris’s address, an actress’s career, children’s games, my father-in-law’s house, the girls’ uniforms). We use ‘s and ‘ with some non-living things: time phrases ( a day’s work, two hours’ journey), the names of countries/ cities/ships ( Moscow’s theaters), nouns expressing space/ weight/organisation ( the river’s edge, the company’s success), with the nouns world/ country/city/ship (world’s best museums) . The genitive is used in some set expressions and fixed phrases: for Heaven’s sake, for God’s sake, at one’s wit’s end, a hair’s breadth, at a stone’s through, the earth’s surface, journey’s end, etc.

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