Презентация на тему: Modals

Modals

Which are the differences between modals and verbs?

Modal verbs CanBe able toCan’tCouldMayMightWould*** Be able to and Have to are called semi-modalsMustHave toNeed toNeedn’tDon’t have toMustn’tShouldOught to*** Need to is not a modal

CAN I can speak English, because I lived in London.abilityCan you open your books?requestI can lend you my book if you need it.possibility

BE ABLE TO My brother is able to play football very wellability

COULD I could run very fast when I was a child.past abilityCould you help me, please?polite requestYou could study and your results will improve.polite suggestionDon’t worry, you could win the lottery.possibility

CAN’T You can’t be Mark! He’s got dark haircertainty that something is impossible

MAY It may rain next weekpossibilityMay I pay with a credit card?polite request

MIGHT She might win the gold medalpossibility

WOULD Would you open the door, please?formal requestWould you like some coffee?offer

MUST You must arrive on time at school.obligationI hear some noises inside. They must be at home.certainty that something is true

HAVE TO I have to stay at home before midnight.obligation, necessity

NEED TO I need to go to the market because I’ve anything to eat.obligation, necessity

NEEDN’T You needn’t wake up early on Sundayslack of obligation

DON’T HAVE TO You dont’ have to bring anything to the partylack of obligation

MUSTN’T You mustn’t smoke in this area.prohibition

SHOULD You should try and give up smoking.advice, opinion

OUGHT TO You ought to go to the doctor if you don’t feel well.advice, opinion

MODAL PERFECTS Modal Pefects refer to PAST or COMPLETED ACTIONS:You should go to the doctor to feel it better.You should have gone to the doctor.Which of these sentences refer to the past?What differences in terms of form can you see?

STRUCTURE

MODAL PERFECTS Must haveMay have / might haveCould haveCouldn’t haveWould haveShould have / ought to haveShouldn’t haveNeedn’t have

MUST HAVE She hasn’t arrived yet. She must have been in a traffic jam.certainty that somethingwas true

MAY HAVE / MIGHT HAVE She may / might have missed the busa guess about a past action

COULD HAVE You could have studied more for this exam.ability to have done something but in fact did not

COULDN’T HAVE He couldn’t have killed him because he was in the hospital.certainty that something didnot happen

WOULD HAVE I would have gone to the beach, but I didn’t feel very wellwillingness to havedone somethingbut in factcould not

SHOULD HAVE / OUGHT TO HAVE You should have told me that they splitted up.criticism or regret after an event

SHOULDN’T HAVE You shouldn’t have insulted her!criticism after an event

NEEDN’T HAVE You needn’t have brought anything to the party. an unnecessaryaction in the past